What is a One Person Company (OPC)?
A One Person Company (OPC) is a type of company that allows a single individual to own and operate a corporate entity with limited liability. It combines the benefits of a sole proprietorship and a private limited company, providing the owner with limited liability protection and a separate legal identity.
Who Should Register an OPC?
Entrepreneurs who want to start a business with limited liability but without partners.
Small business owners seeking a corporate structure with minimal compliance.
Professionals and freelancers looking for a formal business entity.
Individuals planning to scale their business with the benefits of a company structure.
OPC Registration Online: Step-by-Step Process
1. Obtain Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
The proposed director must obtain a DSC to sign electronic documents securely.
2. Obtain Director Identification Number (DIN)
Apply for a DIN for the proposed director through the MCA portal.
3. Name Reservation
Apply for name approval via the SPICe+ form (Part A). The company name must end with “(OPC) Private Limited” and be unique.
4. Prepare and Submit Incorporation Documents
Prepare the following documents and upload them with the SPICe+ form (Part B):
Memorandum of Association (MoA)
Articles of Association (AoA)
Nominee consent (Form INC-3)
Declaration and consent of the director (Forms INC-9 and DIR-2)
Proof of registered office address
Declaration by a professional certifying compliance with legal requirements
5. Certificate of Incorporation
Upon verification, the Registrar of Companies (RoC) issues the Certificate of Incorporation within 3-5 days, officially recognizing the OPC.
Required Documents for OPC Registration
| Document Type | Details/Description |
|---|---|
| PAN Card of Director | Self-attested copy |
| Aadhaar Card of Director | Self-attested copy |
| Passport-size Photograph | Recent photo of the director |
| Proof of Registered Office | Utility bill, rent agreement, or property tax receipt (not older than 2 months) |
| No Objection Certificate (NOC) | From the owner of the registered office property |
| Memorandum of Association (MoA) | Constitutional document detailing company objectives and structure |
| Articles of Association (AoA) | Rules and regulations governing the company |
| Nominee Consent (Form INC-3) | Consent of nominee in case of director’s incapacity |
| Director’s Declaration (Form INC-9) | Declaration of compliance with legal requirements |
| Director’s Consent (Form DIR-2) | Consent to act as director |
| Digital Signature Certificate | DSC of the proposed director |
OPC Registration Compliance Checklist
| Step/Requirement | Description |
|---|---|
| DSC & DIN | Obtain Digital Signature Certificate and Director Identification Number |
| Name Approval | Reserve a unique company name ending with “(OPC) Private Limited” |
| Document Preparation | Prepare MoA, AoA, nominee consent, declarations, and office proof |
| Application Submission | File SPICe+ form with all documents and DSC on MCA portal |
| Certificate of Incorporation | Receive official registration certificate from RoC |
| Annual Compliance | File annual returns, financial statements, and maintain statutory registers |
| Director KYC | Complete director KYC annually (Form DIR-3 KYC) |
| Business Commencement | File declaration of commencement of business (Form INC-20A) within 180 days |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How long does OPC registration take?
Typically, 3 to 10 working days, depending on document verification and RoC processing.
Can a single person start an OPC?
Yes, OPC is designed for a single individual to own and operate a company.
What is the minimum authorized capital for OPC?
The minimum authorized capital is ₹1 lakh.
Is nominee appointment mandatory?
Yes, a nominee must be appointed who will take over in case of the sole member’s incapacity or death.
What are the post-registration compliances for OPC?
Annual filing of financial statements (Form AOC-4), annual return (Form MGT-7), director KYC, and other statutory compliances as per the Companies Act.
Can OPC convert into other company types?
Yes, OPC can be converted into a private or public limited company as per legal provisions.
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